The Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS), located on the transaxle, is a permanent magnetic variable reluctance sensor that generates a pulsing voltage when the vehicle speed exceeds 3 mph, with these pulses utilized by the PCM to manage fuel injector duration and transaxle shift control. To check the VSS, disconnect the electrical connector in the wiring harness at the sensor and use a voltmeter to measure voltage at the connector; the circuit should have battery voltage available. If no voltage is present, inspect for an open circuit between the VSS and the fuse box, and check the black wire of the connector for continuity to body ground using an ohmmeter. If continuity is absent, look for breaks or poor connections in the black wire. To test the sensor, raise the front of the vehicle securely on jackstands, block the rear wheels, and place the transaxle in Neutral. After connecting the electrical connector to the VSS and turning the ignition to On, backprobe the VSS connector signal wire with a voltmeter, connecting the negative lead to body ground. While holding one wheel steady, rotate the other wheel by hand; the voltmeter should pulse between zero and 5 volts, indicating the sensor is functioning properly. If it does not pulse, the sensor should be replaced by disconnecting the electrical connector, removing the retaining bolt, and lifting the VSS from the transaxle, with installation following the reverse order of removal.